Ethnic terrorism differs considerably from violence carried out for ideological, religious, or financial motives. This inquiry will look at ethnic conflicts and possible causes within the 20thcentury. Ethnic fragmentation, conflict, displaced persons and. Conflict between ethnicities is a phenomenon that has occurred for hundreds of years and in all corners of the earth. The model we use the notation h and m to denote two ethnic or religious af.
This article offers a critique of the key literature on these subjects and a propositional inventory summarizing points of scholarly agreement, a discussion of the empirical problems that face scholars in this field. When one groups army enters a city in enemy territory, its soldiers can be pretty condent that the overwhelming. When groups can be formed along ethnic lines, ethnic identity can be used as a marker to recognize potential inltrators. The balkans, chechnya, ukraine, india, sri lanka, iraq, israel, the west bank and the gaza strip, and most of subsaharan africa, particularly the great lakes region, all bear vestiges of the danger of ethnic conflict. Patriotism refers to a sense of civic pride and duty within a country, while nationalism is the elevation of a unified identity. Ethnic conflict definition and overview ethnic conflict is a concept that is difficult to define and perhaps, more difficult to comprehend. There are at least three alternative explanations for this. Defined in broadest terms, conflict denotes the incompatibility of subject positions diez et al, 2006. Classification of ethnicity in the united kingdom wikipedia. We currently offer three portals to access these data. Our model applies equally well to groups that form based on the geographical base of their membership. It is difficult to determine which catalysts for ethnic violence exist, and how they may be defined and differentiated. This is despite recurrent scepticism about its desirability and appropriateness in a globalising world.
The definition of ethnic as given above is a now standard one in the literature on ethnic politics, and is grounded in constructivist and instrumentalist frameworks. A historical and sociopolitical outline sasanka perera february 2001 public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized public disclosure authorized. Articles nationalism, ethnic conflict, and rationality of value rationality and instrumental rationality. Competing theories of ethnic conflict in the caucasus abstract. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. If there is no scope for occasional expression, of conflict and if it is deliberately suppressed, the. If you wish to distribute this article to others, you can order highquality copies for your following the guidelines here.
Ethnic conflict michael banton department of sociology university of bristol abstract the ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from dimensions based on neighbourliness, national origin, race and religion etc. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality. The conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but over political, economic, social, cultural, or territorial matters. The definition of ethnic as given above is a now standard one in the literature on ethnic politics, and is grounded in constructivist and instrumentalist frameworks bates 2016. The concept paper series is the joint centers paper series addressing topics and concepts of foremost importance for understanding the dynamics of. Pdf main apporaches to the definition of ethnic conflicts. Developed by the uppsala conflict data program wallensteen 1988. While ethnic emotions appear to be primordial, they are a socially and politically constructed reality drawn from the historical memories of past injustices and grievances. The literature on ethnicity and ethnic conflict still fails to yield either definitional precision or usable empirical referents for the study of either phenomenon. Ethnic conflict is defined as any episode of sustained violent conflict in which national, ethnic, and religious or other communal minorities challenge governments to seek major changes in status bates et. Published in challenges of measuring an ethnic world.
Ethnic conflict is defined as any episode of sustained violent conflict in which national, ethnic, and religious or other communal minorities challenge governments to seek major changes in status smith. Massive humanrights violations and physical attacks on civilianssuch as rape, torture, mass killings, ethnic cleansing, and genocidelead to tremendous human suffering. Ethnicity and ethnic conflict violence in twentieth century. This study is significant because it will contribute to the understanding of the real causes of the conflict in order to effectively find a durable solution. First of all, the concept ethnic minority as a specific definition of groups in the population should be defined and measured. The grow up public frontend visualizes a subset of the data, e. The ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from dimensions based on neighbourliness, national origin, race and religion etc. Pdf the ethnic dimension to social relations can be distinguished from. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic groups position within society. Ethnic terrorists frequently seek to foster communal identity, in contrast to an identity proposed by the state.
This article discusses the nature of ethnic conflict as well as the literature that defines and differentiates types of ethnic conflict. The significance of a shared ethnic origin varies with the. Many ethnic conflicts result in a significant loss of life, a serious denial of basic human rights and considerable material destruction, some escalating into interethnic or. In many countries ethnic groups are or have been visiting violence on each other, sometimes on a horric scale the word. The world seems plagued with increasing conflict between ethnic. Ethnic terrorists often seek to influence their own constituencies more than the country as a whole. Ethnic conflict constitutes a major challenge to international peace and security. But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. A natural history of ethnic violence written by matthew lange, ithaca. Furthermore, most of the literature agrees on the operationalization of ethnic conflict into a simple dichotomous variable. Szayna, angela omahony, jennifer kavanagh, stephen watts, bryan frederick, tova c. Brown, an ethnic conflict is a dispute about important political, economic, cultural, or territorial issues between two or more ethnic communities.
A widely used social science definition of armed conflict. The 2014 version has been introduced in vogt, bormann, ruegger, cederman, hunziker, girardin 2015 and has been updated in 2019 in a series of. In the land use issues for understanding ethnic conflict. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. By lowering the cost of enforcing membership in the winning group, ethnic diversity makes the latter less susceptible to expost inltration by members of the losing one. Here the definition of ethnicity makes reference to national tradition, and the definition of race mirrors that of ethnicity. What defines ethic conflict as ethnic is the tendency for opposing groups to describe themselves using ethnic criteria like language, cultural elements, territorial claim, the myth of common ancestry, racial ties, and using this identity to claim equal status within. Theory and facts this copy is for your personal, noncommercial use only.
Conflict trends and conflict drivers an empirical assessment of historical conflict patterns and future conflict projections thomas s. We do not attempt to assess whether a situation meets the criteria for armed conflict in international law. Instrumental rationality entails a strict costbenefit calculus with respect to goals, necessi. Conflict, conflict prevention, conflict management and beyond. Since there is enormous number of definitions of social conflict, no matter what perspective spe cialist or generalist they follow, the definition of ethnic conflict is. The current attention to ethnic conflict contrasts markedly with the approach of previous periods. The challenge of ethnic conflict central intelligence agency. By proposing a typology of armed conflict, the study seeks to achieve analytical clarity and contribute to conflict analysis. Ethnoterritoriality is an increasingly invoked term by those doing research on nationalism and ethnic conflict.
This final criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. The epr dataset family provides data on ethnic groups access to state power, their settlement patterns, links to rebel organizations, transborder ethnic kin relations, and intraethnic cleavages. Linking instrumentalist and primordialist theories of. Yet, and crucially, ethnic conflict is by no means universal in ethnically.
Such conflicts have existed all over the world for centuries, but in the last 20 years, after the fall of communism, they are in the focus of public attention due to the war in rwanda, the events in eastern europe, and the. Ethnic conflict ethnic conflict dynamics of ethnic conflict. A large share of contemporary violence and disintegration in the world stems from ethnic conflicts both intrastate,such as within northern ireland and canada,or with an interstate link,as in the ethnic confrontations in afghanistan,cyprus,iraq. Isajiw university of toronto paper presented at joint canadaunited states conference on themeasurement of ethnicity, ottawa, ontario, canada, april 2, 1992. Ethnic conflict is defined as any episode of sustained violent conflict in which national, ethnic, and religious or other communal minorities. Course description a comparative studies in world history course. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur. But ethnic peace means an absence of violence, not an absence of conflict. The variable measures simply if there is an ethnic conflict in a given state or not. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. In dialogue with the scholarship on nationbuilding, ethnic exclusion and conflict, and ethnic migration, this study examines individual views on current and future interethnic relations. Billy batware, ma peace and conflicts studies european peace university, austria 15. Pdf ethnoterritoriality and ethnic conflict adam moore.
Definition of conflict and the life cycles of a conflict conflict definition of conflict the perception of threat, or actual occurrence of conflict, is necessary for the initiation of conflict prevention or management measures, and hence it is essential to address the concept of conflict before exploring how to. Systematic discrimination and exclusion from national and local political decision making, the. Ethnic conflict dynamics of ethnic conflict britannica. The grow up data portal unites a number of datasets on ethnic groups and intrastate conflict from various sources in a single relational database. This volume is a background paper prepared for the international bank for reconstruction and development the world bank. January, 2011, part iii main approaches to the definition of ethnic conflict mukhtar senggirbay phd student of the alfarabi kazakh national. Pdf main apporaches to the definition of ethnic conflicts mukhtar.
Since the prehistory of ethnic conflict management is largely forgotten, a digression may be permitted here. Despite this, it has not been subject to detailed definitional and conceptual examination. Negative effects of conflict conflict is the most vigorous form of social interaction and evokes the deepest passions and strongest emotions which can disrupt social unity. An occasional conflict within a group such as in a school aluta may keep its leaders alert and its policies up to date. National census classification of ethnicity a number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the united kingdom exist. Internal conflict a limited amount of internal conflict may indirectly contribute to group stability.